The Illegal Immigration Issue And The Security Of The U.S.

The illegal immigration issue and the security of the U.S. Economy have been two hot topics all over the news during the 2016 election champion. One main solution that now president Trump provided during his champion was building the wall along the side of the US southern border. Although many who voted for that he mostly agree to the idea, many others thought that was bad for the Economy, Globalization, and most importantly the U.S. Economy. Nationwide, a debate on the issue of whether or not U.S. Should be building the wall along the side of the US southern border? Is it making money or losing money for the US? Those topic has started to heat up as president Trump soon will be executing this plan of his. The Border Wall issue will lead†¦show more content†¦And Mexico over the issue of the Trump wall. They mentioned that the president intended to put 20 percent tax on all imported goods from Mexico to cover the cost of the Wall and call it as in â€Å"Mexico will pay for the wall†Eventually, such event lead to the cancellation of the White House visit from the Mexico’s president and both parties did not back down. But in same article Michael, Binyamin and Alan wrote to the NYT back in Jan argued that although put more taxes on Mexican’s imported goods sounds like an easy solution to solves the budget issue of Trump’s wall. The result may not be the same way that folks who voted for him want to see. The article argued that business will have to make money to cover all the cost of importing goods to the U.S. If the president increases their cost, they will have no other choices but increase the price tag on the importing goods to cover that cost. So, in the end, the folks who voted for him may end up been the real people that pay for the wall not what Trump has claimed--Mexico. Many businesses in the U.S. are heavily relying on imports from Mexico, mentioned by the same New York Time article. Especially in retail and energy industries went in a panic due to this unsure policy of Trump’s. This is not the best way to make America’s economy better. My position on this issue is clear, border security is very important, butShow MoreRelatedIllegal Immigration Is A Serious Problem Because It Affects The Overall Vision Of Immigration1057 Words   |  5 PagesThe displacement of people from their place of origin to other places, areas or countries (immigration), has always existed. These shifts or changes of residence occur for a variety of reasons: search of food, settlement of new lands, horror of wars, political causes, ect. Today most immigration to the U.S is Mexican and other Central America countries, for needs work or family connections. According to MPI estimates, about 8.1 million (71 percent of the total unauthorized population) unauthorizedRead MoreImmigration Is A Fundamental Transformation Of The American Economy1296 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican is built on immigration. Immigration has occurred throughout American History. Hundreds year ago the same dream of freedom and opportunity inspired people to cross the ocean to America today. Immigration brings the talents, youth and global connections, and immigration has a fundamental transformation of the American economy (A New Chapter). Immigration gives the United States an economic edge in the world economy (Daniel). Immigrants work in all types of occupations. They are teachers,Read MoreOne Of The Primary Functions Of Any Government Is To Provide868 Words   |  4 Pagesgovernment is to provide for its national security. Through diplomatic and legislative efforts, the U.S. government protects its citizens from foreign adversaries, both at home and abroad. This concept of national security, however, is not limited to obvious threats to the homeland by enemy combatants. There are other, more deceptive ways in which the national security of the United States can be subverted or influenced. One of those ways is through immigration, which can have broad-ranging effects onRead MoreIllegal Immigration1356 Words   |  6 Pagestopics in the United Sta tes is immigration. The founders of the United States were immigrants themselves, heroes that believed in equality and acceptance for all people. Immigration has and will always be a vital part of our nation’s diversity, economic stability, and rich culture. Although, in a post 9-11 world, should security trump diversity? Should we have to choose between being safe and being amiable? Currently we have one of the most relaxed systems of legal immigration in the world, letting inRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1382 Words   |  6 Pagesspeculate if the U.S.-Mexican border is truly a significant factor for our government’s safety or just there wasting money, time and land. By allowing the government to fund the border many improvements could be made. Border Safety, can create a safer border environment by facing the multiple Issues and Challenges, like illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Transportation, and Technological impro vements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to cease these issues. A vast complicationRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States Essay931 Words   |  4 Pagesspeculate if the U.S.-Mexican border is truly a significant factor for our government’s safety or just there wasting money, time and land. By allowing the government to fund the border many improvements could be made. Border Safety, can create a safer border environment by facing the multiple Issues and Challenges, like illegal Immigration, Drug Enforcement, and cross-border Transportation, and Technological improvements by Homeland security influence the agents, trying to cease these issues. A vast complicationRead MoreIllegal Immigration Should Not Invest Or Enforce On Current Method Of Border Security Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal immigration cases have been booming in an unprecedented rate in the U.S. since the late 1990s. To absolve this matter, border security has been enforced throughout the entire country with the objective to reduce the entry of illegal immigrants across the border, wherein such acts to do so has been initiated such as the mass deportation of illegal immigrants, increasing security in national border and screening. This whole initiative has reduced the number of immigrants living in the U.S.Read MoreIllegal Immigration In The United States Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesNational Issues Paper: Illegal Immigration There are more than 10 million illegal immigrants living in the United Sates, and each day that number is increasing by 1,400 illegal aliens. An illegal immigrant is a foreigner who either illegally crossed an international political border, whether it was by land, sea or air, or whether it be a foreigner who legally entered a country but nevertheless overstayed their visa in order to live and/or work there. The two focal attractions that the illegal immigrantsRead MoreThe Issue of Mass Illegal Immigration to the United States829 Words   |  3 Pagesat Ellis Island. America is known as a melting pot of many different cultures and ethnic groups with roughly 11.7 million illegal immigrants living here. There has been a long standing love/hate relationship with the issue of immigration. It has long been debated as to whether or not we should continue to allow immigrant into our country so freely. Since the 1700’s the U.S. has been working on and has implemented policies try to restrict and govern the immigrants entering this country. Many immigrantsRead MoreImmigration Policy And Its Impact On America882 Words   |  4 Pagespermanently settling in America, the immigration policy has affected all aspects of society in terms of growth and development of economy, societal issues, and national security. As the immigration policy is a broad topic among senators, it needs to be prioritize for it to be better understood. In doing so will improve the immigration policy and grasp the significance of its impact in America. Many of the values that brings America together as a nation, is due to immigration. America is a melting pot of

Manila Free Essays

Another thing that can be seen n the profile is that their number of SK and Kagawad is not that numerous. Half of the entire population of barangay is not registered voters, thus, unable them to fully benefit their right to choose leaders that would change the country. As our group interviewed and surveyed citizens there in the barangay, almost all of them agreed that the major problem of their community is the uncontrollable flood that theyVe been experience for so many years. We will write a custom essay sample on Manila or any similar topic only for you Order Now Another problem that is relevant to their place is the gang wars and street fights that is happening during night-time hat can be dangerous to the innocent civilians of the place. II. Mandates, Function, Programs, Resources of Relevant Organizations The barangay knows exactly what problems does exist on their barangay. They provided some solutions to solve these problems, however, it is not enough to thoroughly solve them. One of their solution in case of the flooding of their place is to clean their canal regularly with the help of MMDA (Metropolitan Manila Development Authority) and DPWH (Department of Public Works and Highways). Although these two government institutions Joined hands together to solve the problem of flooding, it is not enough to get rid of the problem. As other places surrounding the barangay raise their lands to avoid flood, the barangay becomes a catch basin of all flood that comes from these high-rise places. Gang wars and street fghts is inevitable to places that is full of out- of-school youth. Even if they are going to school, some of the students tend to Join to groups and gangs that would eventually lead to the destruction of their lives. These ghts are not resolved easily, and the members of each gang or group are composed of people who are below 18, thus, preventing these people to be imprisoned. However, by the Pangilinan law, these people involve in such cases are turned over to the DSWD (Department of Social Welfare and Development). Street fghts cannot also be controlled fully because of the lack of tanods, so the barangay recruited more tanods to watch and roam around the vicinity when nighttime comes. I Policy Recommendations and Action Plan For the policies that we gave, the first policy was about waste management. We proposed that there should be weekly cleanups to help maintain the cleanliness of the canals and the barangay itself. Our next policy was about the gang war in the barangay, we proposed that a curfew must be implemented to keep all the residence safe especially in our chosen barangay since most residents there are from opposing fraternities. We also suggested that they should add more tanods to help protect the barangay. There should also be at least a medical doctor and/or nurse to stand by in the barangay Just in case of accidents. Waste management is a solution that is simple yet difficult to fulfill and to do regularly as people are lazy to do such things like this but when in comes to littering the place, it is easy for them to do. Discipline is important so by implementing waste management, people will get to learn about the proper decorum of throwing garbage. The people of the barangay must learn how to segregate different wastes and knows where to put these wastes. By knowing these things, less garbage maybe expected, and flood will not be expected anymore. Weekly cleanups of canals and the barangay itself is a must in order to maintain cleanliness of the place. This may be beneficial for everyone as they will not be exposed anymore to such sickness like dengue, malaria, and others. It is a step towards a green and eco-friendly environment. Also by this cleanup, wastes will not be clogging the canals anymore so that flood will be flowing smoothly. Curfew is implemented in every barangay in the Philippines, but this regulation does not fully monitor the people on the street when nighttime comes. Some of the eople who are going outside is under the age limit of the curfew, thus, the youth is involved. By implementing stricter curfew, people of this barangay will be expected to their respective houses before 10:00 pm. The age limit of the stricter curfew is applicable to all ages, exception to this is when there is an emergency situation. To further monitor that the curfew will be successful, the barangay must deploy several tanods in every corner of the streets of the barangay. In case of emergency, it is essential and a must to have medical doctor or nurse to e in the barangay hall or hiring a resident doctor so that whenever there will be an emergency that needs medical attention, the resident doctor or nurse will respond immediately without going far. How to cite Manila, Papers

Life Aboard a slave ship. free essay sample

The slaves were packed aboard a slave ship then taken across the Atlantic to the Caribbean. This journey took about six to eight weeks. In the West Indies, slaves were either sold through auction or prearranged sales. Overcrowded conditions were the norm aboard a slave ship, as the captains attempted to maximize the profits. The slaves were kept in cramps condition with little more than a sitting room. Only shelves being about 1 8 deep were built to accommodate the slaves. Overcrowded conditions were the main cause of the spread of diseases.Extreme depressions were common among slaves on the ship. Slaves were taken on decks once a day to exercise to enable the circulation of the blood. During this time, many slaves attempted to commit suicide by jumping overboard and having their spirits return to Africa. They were given meals, twice a day, which was not properly cooked and prepared and those who refused to eat, their teeth was knocked out and the food was then forced down their throats. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Aboard a slave ship. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One bucket of water was thrown on them (where they were everyday) to keep down the stench: because they excreted, urinated ND died right there.Almost all the slaves who arrived on the sugar plantation, in the West Indies, were in need of medical care. Sometimes, slaves needed to be quarantined in order to prevent the spread of contagious diseases. Slaves often became ill with fever and influenza before they became accustomed to the climate. Newly arrived Africans underwent serious personality trauma. Symptoms of withdrawals and apathy were common. Extreme depression was often the cause of suicidal behavior.The generals uncaring attitude towards their arsenal property was a reflection of the mental condition of the African Slaves would provide some form of welcoming entertainment for the newly arrived slaves. Generally, salves were placed under the care of the season African slaves from the same tribe who would teach them the language. They would also train them on how to adjust to their new way of life. They would be assisted by the Creole slaves in putting up a small hut and in teaching them how to cultivate their small plot to supplement the food stuff supplied to them by their masters.

Stress and Everyday Life free essay sample

Everyone has used the word â€Å"stress† before, what is it, and why is it a commonality upon the population in the western world. The word stress is defined â€Å"Physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension†. 1 Has Selye, a pioneering endocrinologist, coined the original definition of the word stress, in the mid-twentieth century. 2 But why do we get stressed? It seems that the modern worlds business culture is the main feed for stress. The long hours working in a office, not knowing if your going to be fired or not, or even having a very disruptive supervisor can bring common stress to everybody; the main source of stress can revolve around the ever so threatening â€Å"deadlines† that can make or break people. We all know what it feels like to be stressed, and all the immediate effects of being stressed, but why do we keep on doing this to ourselves. 3 The stock market is a perfect example on how today’s business culture inflicts stress to the business men and women out there on the floor. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress and Everyday Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The stock exchange where people can loose all their money in a blink of an eye or become a millionaire in the same amount of time. There are countless accounts of people getting trampled on because of 2000 other people wanted to get their money. Even though this is a risky market for money people still flood the floors every day of the week. We have to stand back and remember October 29, 1929 Black Tuesday, the beginning on the great depression. It is estimated that stockholders lost more than $40 billion dollars. 4 With all the stress in the environment that today we live in, how do we overcome the stress of life? Some of the generic stress relievers include, music, sex, exercise, visualizations (guided imagery), massage, crying, laugh, ect. The more interesting ones revolve around the Buddhist culture, such as, breathing exercises, yoga, walking (mindful walking), and mainly, meditation. 5 Meditation is a top hit for stress release, but why? What does meditation do to help stress? And how would we integrate meditation into our already busy western way of living? whereas the Buddha taught that happiness lies in limiting desires, American culture teaches that happiness can be found in fulfilling desires† 6 What is meditation? Meditation is a family of practices in which the practitioners train their minds. This practice is generally inward oriented which can invoke or create a feeling or internal state, such as compassion or resolve phobias, sometimes we can use meditation as away to hide away from ourselves and life. Various methods of meditation have incased shown changes to the practitioner’s metabolism, blood pressure, brain activity and other bodily processes. The most commonly known type of meditation is sitting meditation, where as it is the most stable posture for the practitioner. There are two seated positions that one can take, either the half lotus or the full lotus position; make sure you allow your back to be strait, close your eyes and rest your hands comfortably on your lap. To meditate you have to concentrate on your breathing, to practice breathing is very important in mediation, where while meditating the practitioner should be concentrating on their breathing in the sense to be able to clear their mind. Breathing is the unity of the body and mind, sometimes our mind is thinking one thing and our body is doing another, when in meditation the practice of breathing brings unification for the body and mind to become a whole again. â€Å"Let go of all involvements and let myriad things rest. Do not think good or bad. Do not judge right or wrong. † 8 When the mind and body are in unification there is no stress, there is not hing to worry about, meditation is living in the moment, thus there is nothing to be bothered by. When exiting meditation, the mind becomes non-unison to the body anymore, thus the problems of the world come back, and only with extensive practice with meditation one can truthfully escape stress. In Brad Warners Sit down and Shut up, Warner warns us to that meditation is not an immediate relief to stress. When the practitioner is not use to meditation, they may notice the tension in life a lot more while practicing, and be overwhelmed. However with extensive amount of meditation, the effects of stress will have less of a toll on the self, up to the point at points where you should be stressed a clam aura will stay with you. â€Å"Overcoming negative minds and cultivating constructive thoughts in the purpose of the transforming meditations found in the Buddhist tradition†. 10 With the hectic pace of the modern business culture, it often feels like there just is not enough time to get everything done, so how can you fathom to find time to meditate? However meditation makes mo re time, it clears your mind so that you are calmer and more focused. If you want to mediate and you don’t feel like you have enough time, simply either watch 30 minutes less Television a day or wake up 30 minutes earlier and you can simply make more time to meditate. To meditate you make yourself more productive for the day and you are able to enjoy the day. What is the point of waking up if you are not going to enjoy the day? To practice meditation for 10-15 minutes minimum daily, however the longer that one meditates will improve body and mind further, and the benefits are endless. An easy way to integrate meditation into a daily life, when ever you are feeling most stressed practice your breathing for 5 minutes. When you learn to control your breathing you can begin to add more time to the 5 minutes, eventually from controlling your breathing you will be able to move on and control your mind. In time you will be able to notice a definite difference in your state of mind and how you cope with stress. 11 Anyone can meditate, you don’t have to be a Buddhist to meditate, don’t feel like you are cheating your god when you do so. Stress is a feeling that we all get, it is a shame that some ignore the feeling. In todays world of the business culture, we are often felt overwhelmed and that there is not enough time in each day to get everything done. Not enough people are taking time to step back and smell the roses. If we continue in this way of life everything is going to get worse, we will only pass down our stress to later generations.

Effect of Craving essays

Effect of Craving essays They affect cravings, metabolism and your ability to maintain your weight. Here is how to make them work in your favor. IT IS EASY TO BLAME THE OCCASIONAL mood swing or candy craving on your hormones. As your body master chemicals, they can have a profound effect on your emotions, appetite and metabolism. A hormones main job is to tell a particular organ, such as the stomach or brain, what to do, explains Dr. Lona Sandon, R.D., an assistant professor of clinical nutrition at the University of Texas Southwestern in Dallas and spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association. Depending on the circumstances, that can mean stimulating the need to eat or to be comforted. Both determine the foods you instinctively crave. However, weight-loss specialists are still divided over how much impact your hormones actually have on your waistline; after all, you make the choice between fresh cherries and cherry Garcia. However, scientists say the following are the six weight-related areas in which hormones do play a definitive role. Knowing what they are, and how they affect you, can help ensure that your weight-loss plans stays on track. The two main appetite-regulating hormones are insulin and glucagons, both of which are produced by your pancreas, an oblong gland that hovers above your liver. When you eat, your pancreas s pumps out insulin, which helps transport nutrients into your cells for use as energy. It also tempers your desire to eat. ...

Modal Verbs Grammar and Construction for ESL

Modal Verbs Grammar and Construction for ESL Modal verbs help qualify a verb by saying what a person can, may, should, or must do, as well as what might happen. The grammar used with modal verbs can be confusing at times. Generally speaking, modal verbs act like auxiliary verbs in that they are used together with a main verb. She has lived in New York for ten years. - auxiliary verb has  She might live in New York for ten years. - modal verb might Some modal forms such as have to, be able to and need are sometimes used with together with auxiliary verbs: Do you have to work tomorrow?Will you be able to come to the party next week? Others such as can, should, and must are not used with an auxiliary verb: Where should I go?They mustnt waste time.   This page provides an overview of the most common modal verbs including many exceptions to the rule. Can - May Both can and may are used in question form to ask permission. Examples of Asking Permission with May and Can Can I come with you?May I come with you? In the past, may was considered correct and can incorrect when asking for permission. However, in modern English it is common to use both forms and considered correct by all but the strictest of grammarians. Can - To Be Allowed To One of the uses of can is to express permission. In the simplest sense, we use can as a polite form to request something. However, at other times can expresses permission to do something specific. In this case, to be allowed to do something can also be used. To be allowed to is more formal and is commonly used for rules and regulations. Examples of Simple Questions: Can I come with you?Can I make a telephone call? Examples of Asking Permission Can I go to the party? Am I allowed to go to the party?Can he take the course with me? Is he allowed to take the course with me? Can - To Be Able To Can is also used to express ability. Another form that can be used to express ability is to be able to. Usually, either of these two forms can be used. I can play the piano. Im able to play the piano.She can speak Spanish. Shes able to speak Spanish. There is no future or perfect form of can. Use to be able to in both future and perfect tenses. Jacks been able to golf for three years.Ill be able to speak Spanish when I finish the course. Special Case of the Past Positive Form When speaking about a specific (non-general) event in the past only to be able to is used in the positive form. However, both can and to be able to are used in the past negative. I was able to get tickets for the concert. NOT I could get tickets for the concert.I couldnt come last night. OR I wasnt able to come last night. May / Might   May and might are used to express future possibilities. Do not use helping verbs with may or might. He may visit next week.She might fly to Amsterdam.   Must Must is used for strong personal obligation. When something is very important to us at a particular moment we use must. Oh, I really must go.My tooth is killing me. I must see a dentist. Have to Use have to for daily routines and responsibilities. He has to get up early every day.Do they have to travel often? Mustnt vs. Dont Have To Remember that mustnt expresses prohibition. Dont have to expresses something that is not required. However, if the person may choose to do so if he or she pleases. Children mustnt play with medicine.I dont have to go to work on Fridays. Should Should is used to ask for or give advice. Should I see a doctor?He should leave soon if he wants to catch the train. Should, Ought to, Had Better Both ought to and had better express the same idea as should. They can usually be used in place of should. You should see a dentist. Youd better see a dentist.They should join a team. They ought to join a team. NOTE: had better is a more urgent form. Modal Various Verb Forms Modal verbs are generally followed by the base form of the verb. She should come with us to the party.They must finish their homework before dinner.I might play tennis after work. Modal Verbs of Probability Modal verbs grammar can become especially confusing when taking a look at the verbs which follow the modal verb itself. Usually, modal verbs grammar dictates that modal verbs are followed by the base form of the verb to the present or future moment. However, Modal verbs can also be used with other forms of verbs. The most common of these modal verbs grammar forms is the use of the modal plus a perfect form to refer to a past time when using a modal verb of probability. She must have bought that house.Jane could have thought he was late.Tim cant have believed her story. Other forms used include the modal plus the progressive form to refer to what may / should / could be happening at the present moment of time. He may be studying for his math exam.He must be thinking about the future.Tom can be driving that truck, hes sick today.

The Origin of the Moon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Origin of the Moon - Essay Example The earliest theory among them is that â€Å"earth had somehow spawned the moon† out (Schrunk, 1). George Darwin, son of the biological evolution theorist, Charles Darwin, had proposed this theory known as â€Å"fission hypothesis† in 1878 (Schrunk,1). This theory was based on the logic that as moon is gradually moving away from the earth (because the time taken by moon to make one revolution around the earth goes on increasing), logically it can be concluded that this is the continuation of an outward momentum initiated by the fission. Hence it is concluded that once moon might have been â€Å"closer to the earth than it is now† (Schrunk, 1). The reason for the split is also well-explained in fission theory. It is speculated that some kind of gravitational imbalance within the earth caused by its previous shape might have made it spit out a piece which became moon. The fission theory is supported by the fact that the core matter of moon is â€Å"not as massive as the earth’s† and also that same nonradioactive stable oxygen isotopes are found on the â€Å"terrestrial rocks† of both earth and moon (Gergo, 4,5). Thus this theory speculates that it was from the less dense mantle of the earth that moon was broken away as a separate entity. The weakness of fission theory is that there is a scientifically proven minimum distance near to the earth below which moon cannot exist in solid form and can exist only as â€Å"a ring of debris† (Schrunk, 1). Hence moon could never be close to earth within this minimum distance and continue to exist as a solid cosmic body. After proving this in 1873, Edouard Roche contested fission hypothesis and put forth the â€Å"co-accretion† theory (Schrunk, 1). Co-accretion theory said that earth and moon most probably might have been formed â€Å"at the same time, in the same neighborhood of the solar system† (Schrunk, 2). This is an assumption based on the similarities in st ructure between earth and moon like the presence of oxygen isotopes. A third theory on the origin of moon was proposed by Thomas.J.J.See (qtd in Schrunk) who theorized that â€Å"moon was †¦ a captured satellite† (Schrunk, 2). This theory was supported by one fact which came to light in that period. It was proven that at least some of the satellites of Saturn and Jupiter might have been captured ones (Schrunk, 2). See’s theory later came to be called as â€Å"capture hypothesis† (Schrunk, 2). This theory says that owing to the gravitational dynamics within and around the area where now the solar system exists, the orbit of moon (which was then far away from the earth) came near the earth (Schrunk, 2). And earth captured moon into becoming its satellite. The fourth and latest hypothesis on the origin of moon is known as â€Å"planetesimal impact hypothesis† and this theory has evolved combining certain features of all the three theories on the origin of moon that were proposed before it (Schrunk, 2). This hypothesis takes the idea that earth was hit by a â€Å"pre-planetory body† of the size of Mars, from the capture hypothesis (Schrunk, 2). It also brings in the argument that this collision had forced out, a huge quantity of debris which is a proposition put forward by the fission hypothesis (Schrunk, 2). And finally the â€Å"planetesimal impact hypothesis† also concludes that this debris â€Å"condensed into moon,† as was suggested partially by the co-accretion hypothesis (Schrunk, 2). The collision is supposed to have happened around 100 million years after the formation of the earth (Wilkinson, 73). This great impct is also thought to have caused the tipping of the axis of the earth and â€Å"inaugurated the seasons† on earth (Wilkinson, 73). This is the theory on moon’s origin which has gained the maximum approval. This is also in the context of many

Equity and Trusts- Non charitable Un-incorporated assosiations Essay

Equity and Trusts- Non charitable Un-incorporated assosiations - Essay Example st have a cestui que trust and should be for the benefit of individuals; (2) it must have a definite object, and (3) the court can enforce it favour of someone.1 To be valid, a non-charitable trust must have an ascertainable beneficiary in whose favour performance of the trust may be decreed. Consequently, purposes trusts or objects are invalid because a purpose or object cannot seek enforcement, but trusts for charitable purposes are valid because they are enforceable by the Attorney-General. 2 The statutory list of charitable purposes in found in Section 2 of the Charities Act 2006 which provides as follows: Not being included as one of the charitable purposes, the maintenance of the three elderly widows and a worthy cause as a purpose cannot be considered as charitable. As a consequence, gifts (consisting of donations from well-wishers and the  £10,000 raised from dinner guests) to the association, a non-charitable unincorporated association, are subject to (a) the rule against remoteness of vesting, which requires that the interests of the beneficiaries must vest within the perpetuity period; (b) the rule that, for there to be a valid trust, there must be a beneficiary or cestui que trust in whose favour performance of the trust may be decreed or the beneficiary principle; and (c) the general principle of trust law that the objects of the trust must be sufficiently certain.3 Hence, such rule does not apply to funds raised from members’ subscriptions because as discussed below it is contractual. In the case of the  £10,000 raised from dinner guests, the foregoing rules have been met because the object is sufficiently certain and vested upon a designated beneficiary (the three elderly widows) within a perpetuity period. Nevertheless, the law has recognised non-charitable purpose trusts. Thus, it was stated that such trusts which are of a somewhat anomalous kind include "trusts for the benefit of unincorporated associations†.4 Thus, in Leahy v

Globalization and Regional Strategies Essay Example for Free

Globalization and Regional Strategies Essay Executive Summary It is clear enough that in today’s era it is extremely critical for firms to adopt global and regional business strategies in order to attain sustainable competitive advantage. But the question arises regarding classification of a MNE (Multinational Enterprise) as a global firm. This essay critically analyses the work on regional strategy as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino and attempts to cover the following aspects in detail. Notion of Globalization and Global Strategy This section highlights the notion of globalization and way organizations today establish a global presence by adoption of unique business strategies. This part also details the three different kind of global strategies. Regional Strategy Analysis This part analyzes the theory and practice of regional strategy concept of Globalization in particular as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino (2008). It aims to justify that in today’s era very few global firms exists and secondly that sufficient amount of international business literature and theory is required to draw reflection on regional vs. global MNE’s (Multinational Enterprises) strategy. The Theory of the Regional Strategy This section explains the concept of regional strategy analysis and illustrates the various regional theories as explained by Osegowitsch and Sammartino. Introduction With the concept of globalization and internationalization gaining more and more momentum everyday, this essay attempts to critically analyse the work of Osegowitsch and Sammartino on regional strategy. It starts with explaining the concept of globalisation and global strategy and tries to justify that in today’s era very few global firms exist. Secondly, it tries to establish that significant amount of international business literature and theory is demanded in order to draw conclusion on regional vs. global MNEs strategy by exploring the theory of regional strategy. Notion of Globalization and Global Strategy Globalization can be defined as a complex concept which enables firms to operate in various continents and countries across the globe in order to improve and maximise their profit margins, sustainability, worldwide existence and economies of scale (Blyton et al., 2001). Globalization provides platform not only to consumers but also to organizations to help them satisfy their needs globally. According to Marquardt Berger (2003), Trade, Travel, Technology and Television are the four major developments that have resulted in Globalization. The four T’s of global development are the outcome of human brain and its creative innovations. These advancements have further encouraged and made possible continuous exchange of ideas, information and knowledge between human resources by breaking the barriers of distance. Moving ahead, Bratton Gold (2007) state that Globalization is a global process of political convergence, social economies and national sentiments, in which space, time and Government are not given much importance. The paragraph below will now highlight the three different views on â€Å"global strategy†. The First view states that the global strategy is one of the particular and specific forms of Multinational Enterprise (MNE) Strategy. Further, it highlights the fact that Globalization considers all the countries of the world alike (Levitt, 1983). The Second view considers global strategy as â€Å"International Strategic Management† (Bruton et al., 2004) which is no doubt wider concept than â€Å"global strategy† mentioned in the first view. Lastly, the third view describes global strategy in even broader term; The strategy of the firms that exist all over the globe and this can be concluded as the firm’s theory of how to become a successful competitor (Peng, 2006). Having discussed the various forms of global strategies which are adopted by firms today, this essay now moves ahead to analyse the theory and practice of regional strategy concept of Globalization in particular as a response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino (2008). It aims to justify that in today’s era very few global firms exists and secondly that sufficient amount of international business literature and theory is required to draw reflection on regional vs global MNE’s (Multinational Enterprises) strategy. The Regional Strategy Theories According to Rugman and Verbeke (2007), recent literature on globalization suggests that a firm is categorised as global if maximum 50% of its total sales are in its home territory (EU) and minimum 20% of sales in each of the NAFTA zone and Asia. He adds to it by bringing to surface the outcome of survey based upon this theory that indicated only nine global firms in Fortune Global 500 and also the orientation of numerous firms towards the home-region. In response to the above mechanism for classifying the firm as global, Osegowitsch and Sammartino (OS) (2008) have provided three basic criteria and comments that can be helpful in future classification of firms according to their geographic sales dispersion. Firstly, OS suggest that it is not appropriate to classify statistical data straightaway. It should be realised that since this is a growing area of research, usage of any kind of classification tool is open to criticisms as it is not simply the categorization of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) following particular regional strategy theories. As an example, OS focus on building and having strong position in the region by illustrating that if the EU, NAFTA region and Asia represents 90% of the total world sales output, an absolute division would require all the three regional triads to have 30% sales each and not 33.3% in order to encourage the strategy of lower thresholds. In other words, a firm can be defined as global if it has at least 20% of the total sales in the two host-triad regions and without any kind of imposition on the maximum sales threshold in the home territory (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007). Additionally, it should also be noted that it is not at all relevant to categorize a firm as having strong position in the market if its threshold is lower than 20% of t he total sales. OS even conducted a simulation using threshold value as 10% of the net sales in order to identify a string position in the host region as it would result to USD $1 billion even for the smallest of the Fortune Global 500 firms. But unfortunately, it didn’t present a strong position and can by no means be considered as an essence for strategic decision making in the worlds largest organizations. OS clearly argues that using various thresholds is helpful in assessing the sensitivity of firm’s positions in the classification system but the main function should always be to provide an assessment of the Future Global 500 and to easily track firms whose thresholds are continuously changing from one category of threshold to another. A clear example of this is Nokia which encountered a 4% decline in sales in the year 2002. However, this change in sales pattern reflected a short term failure in inter-regional growth but OS criticizes that it cannot be simply neglected. Movement of Nokia from a global organization in 2001 towards a home based firm in 2001 was a remarkable concern. In one line, it can be stated that having threshold below 20% simply leads to generation of more bi-regional firms and which can’t be regarded as truly global organizations. Moving ahead, the second regional strategy criterion which OS highlights is that the sales variations are highly industry specific. According to OS, industry plays a significant role and all future researched should aim at exploring the regional vs global strategies at the industry specific levels and try to establish the difference. It is truism that a majority of firms are not properly internationalized and their sizes varies across regions but then its some of the world’s biggest MNEs that have constantly been regarded as capable of compens ating for the weaknesses of the other sectors in different regions of the world. The main point to be considered is that our analysis are independent of differential size of numerous industries that exist across the region, as MNEs are able to establish regional markets and to further develop insufficient markets. Lastly, in third comment it is argued that it would be irrelevant to prefer regional strategy over global strategy. Regional strategies come into existence when it becomes very difficult or impossible to adopt conventional global strategies efficiently, or when they fail to function, keeping in mind that global strategies cannot be evaluated in isolation. Further, it can be said that heterogeneous geographic space beyond the home country border is essential for most of the companies now if not all of them. Moving ahead, this section of the essay will now make an attempt to tackle the criticism formed by OS concerning the contribution of regional strategy to the international business theory. According to (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007), the regional strategy is structured around three simple but fundamental empirical observations which demand international business theory to be extended and enhanced. First of all, only a small number of MNEs have a balanced geographical sales distribution pattern across the global market, although it counts towards the risk diversification at the downstream end of the value chain. OS illustrate that a balanced and structured distribution of sales geographically would contribute towards enhanced global acceptance by the customers of the company’s products and services. With only the exception of resource-based industries, the triad comprising the EU, NAFTA region and Asia demonstrates a first cut though not certainly a fixed one mechanism to identify the extent to which an MNEs net sales are distributed worldwide. Further, this triad has gained so much importance as it is the home of world’s most large MNEs as well as the locus for a number of outstanding innovations in most industrial sectors. The triad also demonstrates the world demand pattern for most knowledge intensive services and goods. But it’s unfortunate to mention that only a small number of MNEs in the Fortune Global 500 are capable of performing equally well in each of the three regions of the triad. It is often observed that a strong position in the home-triad region is not supported with an equally strong position in both the other two remaining triad environments. Classification tools are now irrelevant as among the firms with international operations only a small percentage are truly global i.e. may be even less than 5% (Ghemawat and Ghadar, 2006). They further add to it and state that different firms rule in different parts of the world. Second wing of the regional strategy focuses on the fact that several MNEs have regional features in the organizational structure such as geographic divisions and having individual divisions for different regions is supported mainly by the concept of regional heterogeneity demanding idiosyncratic management. In this case, the intra-regional institutional and economic distance is not just smaller but also very different from that of the interregional. It has been observed that for most MNEs, managing operations and work system in EU is very different from functioning system of the NAFTA region or as compared with the work cultural of Asian environment. These differences may further be enhanced if the work unit is further subdivided into smaller units. Fratiannin (2006) states that these differences in work system signal the importance of regional level in the business strategy and structure of MNEs. Today, almost all big firms such as Toyota, General Electric (GE) have embedded regional elements in their business and operational strategies and these companies are often wrongly referred to as global organizations not just because of lack of balanced geographic distribution but also because of their world wide global operations and manufacturing (Ghemawat, 2005). Thirdly, it should be noted that more than fifty percent of the geographic area in terms of sales is normally the main source of the firm’s cash flows and the centre point of most of the firms both tangible and intangible assets. In the coming years, the concept of having more than 50% sales in the home territory would not be significant enough in EU and North America specifically but it would gain momentum in Asian region as intra-regional distance is minimizing and thereby driven by a reduction of investment barriers and trade. Competition among industries would be more prevalent at the regional level instead of the national level. OC highlight that attention should now be laid on the development of classification tool that will help bundle the home country sales with the sales in the remainder of the home territory rather than paying attention separately to the sales in the home region and remaining of the home region especially for MNEs based in Asia and EU. Moving ahead, the above discussed observations and theories clearly demonstrate the need for an extended international business theory. These observations are independent of specific categorization approaches to measure specific home-region vs. rest-of-the-world market position of MNEs. A trend has always been seen that all the MNEs are much stronger in their home regions as compared to that in other triad regions. These top MNE firms have formulated their organizational structures around the regional component and a varying market position in each region raises call for a regional approach rather than a global strategy approach. The paragraph below now will bring to surface the three main components for the extension on mainstream international business theory (Rugman and Verbeke, 2007). Firstly, it is noticed that impact of country border does not provide strong basis for distinguishing between non- location bound (or internationally deployable/exploitable) and location bound. In today’s period of excess regionalization, it is very easy for some companies to exploit and deploy their strengths throughout the home country border. Further, proxies for internationally transferable FSA’s such as firms level predictors of internationalization like firm’s level of RD do not hold much importance in explaining intra-regional expansion occurring in home region, given the distance gap between the home country and rest of the home region is very less. As a result of well-functioning trans-European transport and logistics networks enabling fast response and just in time strategies covering the whole continent, the significance of geographic distance has decreased in EU. The EU integration process itself has let to decrease in Institutional distance. Further, Economic distance has lost its relevance because of many reasons such as development of new services and products at par with European level, possibility of cross border shopping made possible by web based searches, continuous attempts made by many companies to gain scale and scope efficiencies at the European level and lastly, increased importance of EU as a geographic space to ascertain company’s conduct, structure and importance. Finally, decreased significance of conventional measures of cultural distance mainly in the business to business area as it is easy to get labour in Europe, considerable increase in use of English as the lingua franca inside the region. On sharp contrast between past and present position of conventional location bound FSAs it can be clearly stated that previously they allowed firm expansion only up to country borders but now it can be easily upgraded, and made deployable and exploitable even beyond the home country borders and also in othe r home region countries. Secondly, there is a need to reconsider the fact that non-location-bound FSAs like technological knowledge or brand can be easily exploited and deployed nationwide. Today also it is necessary to complement existing FSA bundles with an additional FSA bundle in high distance environments which implies distance still plays an important role. According to Ghemawat (2005), there are several ways to differentiate between low and high distance environments, one major distinction being that between home regions and host regions in a triad context. Moreover, it is clear that extension and scope of mainstream international theory is free from any scholars disagreeing with the concept of the triad region as the best proxy to discriminate between low-distance environments (in this case the home-triad region) and high-distance environment (in this case the two host-triad regions). High distance implies to making more substantial investments in order to complement its present FSA bundles, also ena bling maximum and profitable exploitation in the host region environment. Here, the apparent trade off becomes obvious: further the efforts to expand the high-distance environment may not be proved to be as successful and profitable as the expansion of low distance environment, even if it is suggested by macro-level parameters which measure the attractiveness of the high-distance environment that they have strong location advantages. As stated by Nachum and Wymbs (2007) in regard to global cities that FSAs and location advantages are dependent on each other. High distance bundles also has many risk factors along with it like melding the extant FSA bundles with newly developed or accessed resources in the high distance environment may lead to burdened with several operational problems, decreased or disappointing sales, as exemplified by the retreat of some of the world’s largest MNEs from high-distance contexts, for example, Wal-Mart’s exit from Germany and Korea. . Thirdly, the theoretical difference between the two FSAs namely location bound and non-location bound FSAs assume conventionally easy developments and profitable exploitation of FSAs (like brand names or technological knowledge of proprietary) across borders. Moreover, it is very essential to acclimatize the brief contents of these two concepts to the authenticity of regionalization. More particularly, the factors that determine the extent of FSAs are, its distance accompanied by its geographic, institutional, economic and cultural components. The level at which a FSA should be called location-bound vs non-location bound is estimated by decay in value across a space. On the basis of terms like region bound nature of FSAs and the liability of inter regional foreignness it has been highlighted that for international business other geographic borders hold more importance than conventional country borders in our previous study. After studying the concepts and theories of regional strategy, we now try to establish the extent to which Procter Gamble could be categorized as a global firm in terms of its business and operational strategies. The Case of Procter Gamble Procter Gamble Co. – One of the worlds leading consumer goods manufacturer such as Tide, Pantene, Ariel etc was established in 1837 from an original candle and soap company. The firm now operates in 180 nations with more than 138,000 employees. According to Lafley, A. G., Chairman of the Board and chief Executive Officer, PG, the firm has over 171 years of history and has always been driven by creativity and innovation. Additionally, improved sales and long term success have always been the strategic goals of this corporation. And it understands the fact that these goals can be attained by constantly appreciating changing consumer’s needs, innovation, branding and market needs. Depending entirely on skunk work such as acquisitions, internal RD and selective innovations has proved to be inefficient and insufficient for attaining the business target of $4 billion business in a time period of one year. It can be clearly seen that invent- it-ourselves model along with global research facilities and recruiting and holding of the best talent nationwide attained success till the year 2000 but nowadays satisfying high levels of top line growth has become a big challenge for an organization The approach through which the radical strategy of open innovation helped an organization attain its business mission and goal can be typified in the following lines. To face the challenge, PG adopted a brand new technique of innovation: Develop and Connect model in the year 2000 which lays great importance on searching good and new ideas and information outside and bringing them in, in order to give internal capabilities a boost and make most out of them. With the perspective of manufacturing improved and relatively cheaper products faster the business strategy involved in this model was to leverage assets of people, products and property available externally and applying it to their respective RD labs, purchasing, market capabilities and production. The foremost work of this strategy is to recognize top ten preferences and needs of the consumer. Moreover, it is very essential that the customers are fully satisfied by the products manufactured and which will finally result in increased sales and profit. Moving ahead, alike products or related technologies which already exist in the market and occupy good position are recognized. Lastly, analysing the influence of technological acquisition of one area over the other areas. Networking is the backbone of this approach. Along with having business collaborations with open networking companies such as InnoCentive and Ninesigma, the PG group has long chain of suppliers and technological entrepreneurs worldwide. They play a crucial role by finding solutions to PG internal problems in the outside world. Thus, by constructing such type of infrastructure PG has been able to reduce its investment in technology along with achieving stable top line growth and required sustainability. According to Huston and Sakkab (2000), by shifting to Connect and Develop model there has been a remarkable increment in our RD production by 60% and the progress rate of innovation has undoubtedly doubled. The Procter Gamble figures out how an organization can maximize its profitability levels by switching to new and innovative The Procter Gamble examples mirrors the way how switching to new and innovative approaches of using information and technology can help maximise profit margins. It is one of the organisations which has developed enabling infrastructure fabricated around innovation with a huge worldwide network combining human capital, ideas and technology. Conclusion This essay has brought to surface a number of strategies which can help firms to establish strong positions globally like having a threshold of 20% etc. The main aim which was to justify that a firm cannot be simply categorized as global based upon statistical data has been justified. A number of measures have also been illustrated which can help differentiate the firms regional strategy from the global strategy. References Blyton, P., Lucio, M., McGurk, J. and Turnbull, P. (2001) â€Å"Globalization and trade union strategy: industrial restructuring and human resource management in the international civil aviation industry†, International Journal of Human Resource Management, pp. 445-463. Bratton, J. and Gold, J. (2007) Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice (4th edn), New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Bruton, G., Lohrke, F. and Lu, J. W. (2004) The evolving definition of what comprises international strategic management, Journal of International Management, Vol. 10, pp. 413-429. Fratianni, M. (Ed.) (2006) Regional economic integration, Research in Global Strategic Management, Vol. 12, Oxford: Elsevier. Ghemawat, P. (2005) Regional strategies for global leadership, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 83, No. 12, pp.98-108. Levitt, T. (1983) The globalization of markets, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 61, pp. 92-102. Marquardt, M. and Berger, N. (2003) The Future: Globalization and New Roles for HRD, Advances in Developing Human Resources, pp. 283-295. Nachum, L. and Wymbs, C. (2007) The location and performance of foreign affiliates in global cities. In A. M. Rugman (Ed.), Regional aspects of multinationality and performance, Research in Global Strategic Management, Vol. 13, pp. 221-257, Oxford: Elsevier. Osegowitsch, T and Sammartino, A. (2008) Reassessing (home-regionalisation), Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 39, No. 2. Peng, M. W. (2006) Global Strategy, Cincinnati: South-Western Thomson. Rugman, A. M. and Verbeke, A. (2007) The theory and practice of regional strategy: A response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino, Kelly School of Business, Vol. 2, pp. 1-7.

Good Sites For King Arthur :: Web Internet Essays

Good Sites For King Arthur The key to finding useful information on the Web is to know which websites are the most useful and informative. The best services that offer information on the King Arthur legends are "King Arthur" at http://www.britannia.com/history/h12.html, "Explorations in the History and Legends of Arthur" at http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/kingartur.html , and "The Camelot Project" at http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm. These websites are among the best. They offer biographies on the Arthurian characters, full texts on some of the legends and information analyzing the characters of Arthur from historical and legendary points of view. The "King Arthur" page at http:// www.britannia.com/history/h12.html, is a good source to discover some truths about Arthur and his existence. The site asks: was Arthur a king, a general or just a myth? In addition to historical information about the fifth century, the site includes, in the Arthurian chronology, information about the legends of Arthur that has developed in literature that has been written through the years. It also includes biographies of characters in the Arthurian legends. In addition, this site offers links to outside sources about King Arthur and his legends. One such link is the "Explorations in the History and Legends of Arthur" at http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/kingarthur.html, which is one of the best sources on Arthur because it explores both the popular and scholarly conceptions of King Arthur and his legends. For example, it answers frequently asked questions in historical and legendary contexts. Some of the questions that is asks are: was Guinevere really an adulteress? Was Excalibur, a sword, really in the stone? Was Gawain a great knight or a royal pain? It is very informative about Sir Gawain and the Green Knight offering a full text and a character analysis of Gawain. Lastly, it offers biographies on every single character in the Arthurian history and legends under the links called â€Å"The People of the History† and â€Å"The People of the Legends.† Another source of exceptional information about Arthurian Legends is "The Camelot Project" at http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm, which is a comprehensive reference site offering original texts, images, bibliographies and basic information. The Main Menu lists Arthurian characters, symbols, and sites. Students may move from any of the highlighted elements to a sub-menu of basic information, complete texts, images, and a bibliography about that subject. For example, choosing the highlighted word â€Å"Gawain† will lead the viewer to a list of texts written about Sir Gawain such as: "The Wedding of Sir Gawain and Dame Ragnelle," Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and many more.

Laissez Faire Leadership Essay

Managers and supervisors who adopt the laissez-faire leadership style delegate responsibility for the accomplishment of work objectives and decision-making power to their employees. For example, a CEO of a large, new-car dealership may allow departments — such as NEW CAR SALES, used car sales and service — to operate on their own without his direct supervision. In this case, the CEO sets expectations for the departments’ operations, revenues and costs and provides the needed resources to accomplish particular business objectives. However, the department managers and employees determine how they will achieve the objectives. Implementation of Laissez-faire Leadership This laissez-faire system works best in groups of experienced, educated and highly skilled employees such as staff specialists or consultants who are accustomed to working in team environments. In our example of the car dealership, the NEW CAR SALES, used car sales and service department teams each possess specific skills and have received specialized training. So each team may work best when it establishes its own work schedules, works independently and makes decisions as a group, rather than at the direction of its CEO. In this example, laissez-faire leadership is especially effective because many department problems are well defined, a course of action is frequently predetermined, resources are readily available and limited CEO interaction is required for the team to work effectively. Advantages of Laissez-faire Leadership â€Å"Hands-off† leadership allows each team’s skilled members to brainstorm to identify appropriate solutions to problems and implement these decisions rapidly. As a result, the business avoids the cost involved in some meetings, such as the opportunity cost of not completing other tasks, missed sales calls and lost customer face time. Laissez-faire leadership works well in a creative environment where employees are free to implement innovative solutions. In our example, the sales team works with the finance department to identify creative financing options for potential buyers. The service department, meanwhile, employs up-to-date technology and mechanics skilled in contemporary engines.

Clark International Airport Corporation Essay

Abandoning the largest U.S. Air Force Base outside of the continental United States back in 1991 was not an easy task for America. Given the countless industrial/commercial buildings, residential quarters, officers homes, manicured golf courses, road network, two, huge 3.2-kilometer parallel runways capable of landing the space shuttle and over 100 years of U.S. occupation, it quite-possibly would have been easier to pull all the teeth of the resident Generals on-base than to abandon all that Clark Air Base had become to the U.S. Military. This decision to evacuate was not made unilaterally though. Mt Pinatubo had a say in the matter spewing a thick blanket of ash throughout the base. The Philippine Senate also had its input regarding the 100 year U.S. occupation, and, during September 1991, convinced America to turn its back on billions of dollars of infrastructure when they rejected the ratification of the RP-US Military Bases Agreement. Numerous reasons were given for the rejection of this treaty. This was a destructive blow to the Aquino administration, which was very-strongly in favor of maintaining the treaty and the presence of the U.S. Military with its economic benefit to the country. She even called for a referendum by the Filipino people that was later determined as unconstitutional. Several years later, the former US Air Force Military Airlift Wing is now experiencing some major and exciting transformational processes, all without the presence or assistance of a super power. Since 1996, as a subsidiary of the Bases Conversion Development Authority (BCDA), the runways, airport buildings, infrastructure and surrounding areas of this former military installation is managed by and in the capable-hands of the Clark International Airport Corporation (CIAC). From the beginning of the transformation, CIAC has provided the organizational and management arm for the daunting job of transforming a former military airfield into a world-class international airport and logistics hub. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, in recognition of her father and former president of the Philippines, renamed the facility, Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (DMIA). Today it stands in honor to her father’s past administration and as a bright hope to current and future generations as a newly revitalized Philippine gateway, providing sustained commercial, industrial and tourism growth in the face of a new world economy. From humble beginnings in 2003 of only 7,880 international passengers, to over half a million passengers making their way through DMIA in 2007, this airport is an overwhelming success story in all of Asian airport history. As the long-term plans for this facility to be the premier gateway of the Philippines progress, projected estimates range from 20 million to 40 million passengers passing-through the new DMIA annually at fruition of the project. On October 29, 2003, Asiana Airlines had the honor to be the first airline to established international flights in and out of Clark. These flights brought tourists and businessmen to and from Incheon, South Korea. This initiated a new wave of international flights that has blossomed-forth ever since. Some of the international destinations currently being serviced from DMIA include Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, Macau, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Seoul Korea. Cebu, Caticlan are the current domestic travel offerings at Clark Airport. South Korean tourists began to discover the Philippines, and specifically, Clark and Subic Bay in ever-growing numbers. In fact, according to the Philippine Department of Tourism (DOT), today they constitute the leading group of tourist by nationality in the Philippines. According to the DOT, the number of business and pleasure travelers is on the rise in the Philippines with South Korean leading the pack. For the entire country in 2006, South Korea lead the arrival numbers reaching 572,133 while the U.S. was second with 567,355 and then Japan with 421,808. For the following year, 2007, South Korea once again lead the arrival numbers reaching 653,310, a 14.2% increase, while the U.S. was second with 578,983, a 2% increase and Japan with 395,012, a 6.4% decrease. The fastest growing arrivals percentage-wise between 2006 and 2007 were from China and Malaysia. These countries posted arrival increases of 18.0% and 23.3% respectively. Chinas arrivals in the Philippines in 2007 were at 157,601 while Malaysia’s were 65,695. Growth is one thing, but maintaining quality and performance in the face of tremendous growth is an accomplishment worth taking note. Two consecutive world-class awards from two different organizations speak volumes of an organization’s efforts. In 2006 DMIA was awarded the â€Å"Low Cost Airport of the Year award from the Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA). Then, in 2007, DMIA was awarded the prestigious â€Å"Airport of the Year† award by Frost and Sullivan, at the Asia Pacific Aerospace and Defense Awards Banquet in Singapore. Formulated in 1961, Frost and Sullivan maintain over 26 offices worldwide, and is a major, respected global research company. The company fields a staff of over 1,500 employees, with job titles ranging from economists, market researchers and technology analysts. These analysts and researchers are focused on the industries of aerospace, defense, energy, transportation, environmental-issues, technology, chemicals, food, power systems and more. It looks like CIAC is entirely-focused and performing above and beyond the call of duty in their determination to witness the realization of DMIA becoming the premier gateway of the Philippines. Exciting plans abound for the long-term prospectus of the Clark Freeport and DMIA. After 15 years of conflict and negotiations with the indigenous Aeta people of the region, CDC has acquired 10,000 hectares of new expansion land area. CDC now has a total of almost 28,000 hectares of contiguous, raw land to work with and put to productive use over the next couple of decades. The Clark governing body has designating a new, modern, 21st Century city to be built from scratch in the combined areas comprising existing and new land acquisitions in and around the Clark Freeport. Aeropolis is the named assigned this modern, Aviation-focused, master-planned, multi-use mega-city/mega-region. CDC already has in a master-plan set-aside for Aeropolis comprised of 4,400 hectare main-zone and a 27,600 hectare sub-zone centered on an aviation-driven urban center that will be ideally suitable to high-end IT, airport-industries, logistics-related enterprises, agro-industries and tourism. This type of long-term, far-sighted planning translates to exponential airport-related arrivals/departures and the ongoing future success of the Clark Airport as a major player in the world economy for many decades to come. Departure Procedure Step 1 – Entry Check * Here is where a pax join the first queue – the airport entrance queue. * Before a pax can enter the building they must show both of their passport and airline ticket, so they must have them ready. * Now is a good time to remove metal objects from their pockets or purse and place them in their hand carried luggage that will be x-rayed. These items include watches, pens, cell phones, and coins – anything that will trigger the metal detector. Doing this early will save delays later. * Once they have shown their passport and ticket they will have to place their entire luggage on the x-ray conveyor belt before walking through the metal detector. Step 2 – Airline Check-in * If all goes well they can collect their luggage and proceed to their airline check-in counter. * They should expect huge queues so they must get there early. * While waiting in the check-in queue they must prepared to have their baggage sniff tested for explosives. * After checking in and getting their boarding pass they can now proceed to the departure area – but their queuing is not yet over. Step 3 – Pay Departure Tax/ Terminal Fee * Before entering the departure area they must show their passport and boarding pass. Once cleared they can now go to the counter where they will pay their departure tax and terminal fee. This terminal fee is currently 150 pesos for domestic and 450 pesos for international per passenger. * At the counter they must give the counter operator their boarding pass and the money. She will return their boarding pass along with a receipt. Step 4 – Immigration Clearance * The next step is Immigration Clearance. They must present their passport and boarding pass. Step 5 – Security Check * The next queue is at the security check. Once again pax must make sure to have taken all metal objects out of their pockets or purse. They can either place those in their hand carry bag or in a plastic tray that the security people will provide. * Make sure they adhere to the currency export limits for both Philippine pesos and foreign currencies. * After they have gone through the metal detector they can collect their bags and the tray with their personal effects, and then they can proceed into the departure area. Step 6 – Departure Gate Check * If they think they have stood in the last queue they may be disappointed. Depending on their airline there may be one more security check. This will be as they enter the departure gate area. This check is just a routine and quick check of they and their hand carried bag. Step 7 – Passport Boarding Check * Again, depending on the airline, they may have to show both their boarding card and their passport as they board the aircraft. If so, they must be ready and have their passport open at the photo page. Arrival Procedure Step 1 – Quarantine/ Immigration Procedures * Pax must have their passport ready to complete quarantine and immigration procedures. Foreign travelers will need to fill out an arrival card. Step 2 – Baggage Claim * They must check the information board for the name of their airline and flight no. and collect their baggage from the appropriate carousel. If they cannot find their baggage, they must show their baggage claim tag to the airline service representative and ask for assistance. Step 3 – Customs Inspection * Pax must take their baggage and proceed to Customs Inspection. If they have items to declare complete the necessary procedures at the appropriate counter. Step 4 – To the Arrivals Lobby / Meet Greet * They will proceed to the arrivals lobby which is the convenient place to meet friends and families. My 50 Days of Experience I have learned a lot in my 50 days of experience at the Diosdado Macapagal International Airport especially with the Airport Operation Department staff. I don’t even knew the existence of the airport operation before. But now after being a part of this department just even for a while I have realized the importance and the role of it. Airport Operation Department has a big role in running an airport. It is like the main ingredient in a recipe and the heart of a body system. Without it an airport cannot be called an airport terminal because they are the one who keep safety and security excellence as the first priority, they develop a better airport for the future by taking advantage of emerging market opportunities, they operate an efficient airport dedicated to exceptional customer service, they broaden and increase the airport’s revenue base to ensure on-going viability, and they maintain strong relationships with â€Å"neighbors†, communities, and industries. Being a part of it is not really easy because it is too broad. But thanks to our leaders who made us understand our role and made us feel that we are really a part of the Airport Operation Department even though we are just OJTs.

Latino Theology

Hispanic/Latino Theology Introduction Theological discourse makes use of liberation theologies to review the goal of human existence, religious thought and practice, and faith by focusing on individuals who have been deprived a voice, adequate standards of living, and positive identity. Liberation theology critiques moral evil like undeserved and unjustified suffering, pain, and subjugation and marginalization.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Hispanic/Latino Theology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Liberation theology is globally recognized, but, the United States remains the origin/birthplace of various impressive liberation theologies. Liberation theology therefore concerns itself with the serious problem of injustice and oppression, seeking to â€Å"advance enhancing self images and communal images, enabling coping techniques and socio-political adjustments that could foster greater social justice as a whole† (Valentin, 2010, p. 98). It is precisely because of this that liberation theology makes inquiry into and searches for responses to questions on people’s thoughts and opinions about God; on human capability and limitation; on the saving example of Jesus Christ; on Christian hope to overcome underserved agony, inequity, unjustified subjugation, and marginalization; and on challenge and promise of the church. In addition to placing much attention to injustice and suffering, and ameliorative impulses, liberation theology is characterized by two keynotes. The first one entails a comprehension of the factors that shape and govern the role of theological treatises. These factors include socio-cultural, historical, and socio-economic attributes. Secondly, liberation theology possesses a desire to reach into, and draw from certain realities of life, and expressive cultures of a defined group of people (Valentin, 2010). Hispanic theology is a complex form of theology that encompasses the social and cu ltural contexts of the Latino/as. The Hispanic theology is composed of women leaders in various areas of life that unfortunately lack recognition from official leadership structures and within institutional church (Valentin, 2010). Despite the eminent oppression, Hispanic theology acknowledges the important role played by women in the maintenance of life and health in the community. This paper gives insight into Hispanic/Latino (a) theology by discussing the effects and importance of Hispanic/Latino (a) theology and its link to Christianity. Discussion The nascence of liberation theology was as a result of fermentation of a long historical process in the 1960s and 1970s. This emergence was triggered by religious, economic, and political forces. It was a new approach to theology as opposed to the traditional form of theology that was characterized by an imbalance of power between the church’s hierarchy and its members (Isasi-Diaz, Segovia, 1996).Advertising Looking fo r term paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The liberation theology was therefore a wakeup call to change the social conditions of the church members by denying a subordinate class, ethnic, or gender status. Hispanic feminist theology, known as mujerista, shares some characteristics with other North American feminist theologies. The discrete and dynamic perspectives of the Hispanic women theology help the Latina/o community and its Diaspora to comprehend the multifaceted oppressive structures, define their preferred future and face internalized oppression (Dyrness Krkkinen, 2008). The origin of the Hispanic/Latino (a) theology is complex, intriguing and emanates from a combination of political, cultural, and religious factors. The Hispanic theology is born from the creation of the Hispanic/Latino/as. In actual sense the Hispanics are not foreign newcomers to the United States, but instead their histo ry predates that of the United States. The exploration and colonization by the Spanish on the Caribbean islands is what gave rise to the Hispanics/Latino/as in North America. The Spanish boon in the American lands gave rise to a new culture as the American indigenous populations were coercively conquered and their lands taken away from them. These natives were exposed to new strains of diseases obtained from the Spanish. The devastating effect of the diseases, mistreatment and imposition of a new language and culture took a huge toll on the indigenous Amerindians. In addition, poor nourishment, broken family life and oppressive labor conditions led to a rapid and tremendous dwindle of the native populations. Scant labor force led to the conquering of Africa, and with their migration to this part of the world, led to the birth of new cultures and large populations of mestizo/as and mulatto/as. This new culture had great impact on every aspect of the Latino/as. This community was char acterized by a lot of heterogeneity, which was aggravated by variations in socioeconomic standing and period of stay in the United States inter alia. Irrespective of the heterogeneity involved, the U.S. Hispanic/Latino (a) population has forged a delicate but appreciable pan-Latino identity in the U.S. Since the 1960s with the birth of Hispanic theology aimed at bringing about wholeness or solidarity, panethnicity and collectivity among the Hispanics/Latino (as) is eminent. This solidarity has been a turning point to the Hispanics/Latino (as). Edna Acosta-Belen simply says that:Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Hispanic/Latino Theology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The shorthand label Hispanic/Latino is turning out to be a symbol of cultural affirmation and identity in an alienating society that traditionally has been hostile and prejudicial to cultural and racial differences, and unresponsive to the socioeco nomic and educational needs of a large segment of the Hispanic population (Valentin, 2010). Other factors that have been responsible for the solidarity within the Hispanic community include common widespread cultural traits shown through language, customs, life sensibilities, and rituals; a sensibility of ubiquitous exile arising from annexation/colonization of a majority of Latino/as’ countries of origin by the United States; and due to a feeling of marginalization even among those Latinos born in the United States. The Hispanics/Latino (as) mainly encounter racial discrimination and cultural alienation which exudes from living within a dominant society that is after the victory of its own excluding Anglo culture. In addition, the Latino (as) have mainly been at the bottom of the economic ladder and unfortunately lack the ability to ameliorate their socio-economic condition. Hispanic theology therefore in addition to the confounding factors mentioned above has played a pivot al role in bringing about solidarity and cohesion among the Hispanic as quoted by Edna Acosta-Belen. This quote is of significant implication because it aims at building strong ties among the Hispanics/Latino (as). The Hispanic/Latino (a) theology makes responses to, reflects on, and builds on the complex history and complex amassment of the experiences by the Hispanics/Latino (as). This theological concern began in 1975 with initial inflections of the Mexican American Catholic theologian Virgilio Elizondo. Mujerista theology aims at giving voice to Hispanic women, who are not comfortable with their identity in relation to mainline feminist theology. Mujerista is sourced from the lived experiences of Hispanic women, which is intrinsically connected to the survival of their community, and specially the children of the community. The Hispanic women are constantly struggling to survive against anthropological poverty, which is beyond material poverty. They fight against sexism, ethnic prejudice, and class. The survival of Hispanic women revolves around self-definition and self-determination. It is also sourced from religion and culture. The religious aspect of Hispanic women theology aims at purging African and Amerindian influences (Sindima, 2008).Advertising Looking for term paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While Hispanic feminine theology seeks equality, the male Hispanic theologians on the other hand are inclined to the fact that women and men will never be equal. According to Williams, God is partial and discriminating. She illustrates this by using the covenant code in Exodus 20-23 and the holiness code in Leviticus 19 to indicate that male and female slaves were not treated equally. Therefore, unlike male theology, the feminine Hispanic theology as described by Williams is skeptical that God is the liberator of all who are oppressed. Unlike the male Hispanic theology, the feminine Hispanic theology is more aggressive and more inclined towards achievement of self-description and self-determination (Krkkinen, 2004).). I however defy Aquino’s mission statement that the poor are currently agents who are in charge of their own destiny. Theoretically speaking, this statement is valid, but in actual sense, the poor are still marginalized in contemporary society and the gap between the rich and the poor is continuously growing due to external forces. If only the Hispanic feminist theology would be a reality but then it seems to be a whirling wind that stirs up a lot of debate. Despite the fact that women have somewhat become liberated from the traditional perception, they are still a marginalized group within the dominant male community. A clear illustration of this continued marginalization is in the distribution of power and resources in the world we are living in. Presidential candidature for example has entirely been a male ground and rarely will women assume such a prestigious position. In addition, male have full charge of most resources and even though the Latino (a) theology has been in the forefront trying to address marginalization and discrimination against women, this continues to be a contentious issue. The Hispanic theology is shown as a representation of the religious and theological inflections of the Hispanic people staying in the United Stat es. It is a North American theological tradition that has a solid origin and fundamental ground in the United States. The theological voice entailed in Hispanic theology is sourced from thoughts, writings, and activities of a pluralistic society of theologians. Hispanic/Latino (a) is a distinctive expression of liberation theology. This is because the Hispanic/ Latino (a) theologians emphasize all the elements of liberation theology. For example, the Hispanic/Latino (a) theologians often delve into and seek responses for specific experiences and scenarios that have had impact in their lives and those of their colleagues in the social sphere of the U. S. Hispanic/Latino(a) theology is therefore built from specific people’s life experiences and circumstances, as well as their cultural practices. This way, they focus on responding to fashion, and theological reflections that are fundamental to the Hispanic’s/Latino’s cultural agency. A representation of this is car ried out through interpretation of the scripture and theological doctrines in the eyes of experiences and perceptions of the Latino (a) communities. Poverty, alienation, marginality, exile, or estrangement, form the basis for these experiences and perceptions. A different basis is that of mestizaje or mulatez, which entails mixed ancestry and cultural heritage that acts as a vantage point in deciphering and exploring the meanings of religious ideas. Hispanic/Latino (a) theology is bent on improving the lives of its people. The Latinos and Latinas experience discrimination and disrespect of their Hispanic cultures, and because of this, the theologians have embraced an identity politics /cultural politics to distinguish them from other cultures. The Hispanics face cultural discrimination through: cultural domination, non-recognition, and disrespect. Latino theologians have voiced out these injustices especially related to culture because it is a potential source of oppression than pol itical economy. Forms of cultural oppression include cultural imperialism, ethnic prejudice, sexism, and racism, all of which contribute to the agony of the Latino/as. Hispanic/Latino/a theology therefore focuses on enfolding liberal cultural discourses to counter efforts at cultural homogenization by the United States. This theology aims to protect the beliefs and practices of the Hispanics/Latino/as and replace denigrating images with self-defines and affirming images of the Latino/as. This way, Hispanic theology helps in incorporating the Latino/as as full, equal, and active citizens into the society in which they live in (Valentin, 2010). Christianity vs. Hispanic/Latino (a) Theology Tradition, experience, scripture and culture form the sources of Christian theology. The scripture generally makes references to the Bible (both Old and New Testaments). The Bible provides a ground for the Christian faith through initiatory events, beliefs, and testimonies. Tradition entails accrued interpretations of scripture, doctrines, and ritual/practice that have been transmitted in the history of Christian thought and practice. Culture in Christianity is varied depending on the theologian, thus it could mean a â€Å"sphere devoted to the production, circulation, and use of meanings and identities† (Valentin, 2010). A more general definition is that culture could refer to everything that makes up the social matrix in which occurrence and exercise of religion takes place. Experience looks at the personal life experience and perception and this entails religious experience and perception, as well as collective historical experiences of a group defined by religion, nationality, ethnicity, social norms and culture. Gonzalez interprets Christianity by use of Santa Biblia where he points out five injustices relevant to Christianity. These are marginalization, poverty, mestizaje and mulatez, exile, and alienation. Just like in Christianity, Hispanic theology aimed at bri nging about cohesion and unity among a heterogeneous group of people. Initially, there was disunity among the Hispanic themselves due to variations in origin aggravated by social position. Christianity also aims at bringing people of different mixtures of races and social classes, who have a common belief, together and guarding this belief in relation to tradition, the scripture, culture and experiences. Christianity protects the Christians against non-believers. Hispanic theology is also charged with the responsibility of protecting the Hispanic people against outsiders, who aim at diluting the social and cultural norms and practices of the Latino/as. Just like the Latinos who are mestizaje, Christianity follows this example since Jesus himself is described by Elizondo as a mestizo. This kind of mixed culture is expressed as a first-century borderland. Jesus was descendant of the Jews, who were at the borderline of the Jewish and the Gentile societies. Poverty is an element of soci al injustice in both Christian and Hispanic theology (Isasi-Diaz Segovia, 1996). This is because poverty is associated with alienation and inequality based on social position. Hispanic aims at bringing all people of different social positions together irrespective of their wealth. The church actually aims at helping the poor so that they can socially be uplifted and thereby fit in the church setting. Churches and Christianity, for example, an international one known as the Joyce Meyer Ministries is well known for helping the poor and marginalized societies as a way of exemplifying equality and togetherness. Christianity is therefore the avenue through which wealth is fairly distributed to the poor and thereby addressing the issue of marginalization due to poverty. Jesus came from uninspiring village in Galilee called Nazareth. Jesus therefore, experienced marginalization as a Galilean Jew in the first century, just like the Hispanics in the U.S. today. In the same way that Jesus wa s able to generate new modalities of life from the margins of His society, the Latino (as) have also found their selves charged with a liberating mission not only for themselves but also for others in contemporary society. Marginalization based on gender is also germane to Christianity, just as in Hispanic theology. Feminist Hispanic theology aims at addressing discrimination against women and giving them a voice. Christianity is also a means through which women are given an opportunity to express themselves and offer their services in the church. It is through such roles in the church that women become appreciated and acknowledged as important and functional members of the community. In addition, Christianity stems from the experiences and life situations of its followers (the Christians) as Hispanic theology stems from the life situations of the Hispanics/Latino (as). My Perception I have always viewed Christianity as a mere believe in Jesus Christ but after reading this text, I h ave realized that there is more to Christianity than meets the eye. As indicated above, Christianity is somewhat complex because it is defined by the scripture, people’s tradition, culture and experiences. These elements are mainly not realized but I have learnt that surely Christianity has got to embrace these facets for it to thrive. Therefore, Christianity is a critical facet of people’s lives that mainly goes unnoticed while considering the mentioned elements that define it. Christianity is used to bring about unity and give the marginalized people hope and a voice to express their experiences and life situations. Christianity acknowledges the important role played by everyone irrespective of their social and cultural status. In addition Christianity seeks recognition as a unique entity and guards its followers from being assimilated into other doctrines. References Dyrness, W. A., Krkkinen, V. (2008). Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Ch urch. Dormers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Christian Fellowship. Isasi-Diaz, A. M., Segovia, F. F. (1996). Hispanic/Latino Theology: Challenge and Promise. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Publishers. Krkkinen, V. (2004). The Doctrine of God: A Global Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. Sindima, H. J. (2008). The Gospel According to the Marginalized. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. Valentin, B. (2010). Hispanic/Latino (a) Theology. In S. M. Floyd-Thomas, A. B. Pinn. Eds. Liberation Theologies in the United States: An Introduction. New York: New York University.

Care Giver Perceptions of End of Life Care for COPD Patient

Care Giver Perceptions of End of Life Care for COPD Patient RESEARCH PROPOSAL Title: Exploring the primary family care givers perceptions of care giving for end of life care of COPD ICU patient. Introduction: The world perspective is shifting towards non-communicable diseases, with chronic conditions such as heart disease, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as chief causes of death globally. COPD is a chronic progressive disease of air flow obstruction which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is predicted as 3 rd leading cause of death in 2030 according to 2008 WHO statistics. In terms of social burden of disease quantified by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost, COPD ranked as the 12th leading cause of DALYs lost worldwide in 1990, but will be the 7th leading cause of DALY lost worldwide in 2030.COPD is more common among world age people due to decreased lung function capacity. The world population above 60 years was1.7% in 2013 and will continue to grow as a reaching 21.1 per cent by 2050 (world a geing population 2013). COPD is one of the major 8th leading causes of death in Singapore. According to MOH 2013 census COPD causes 1.6% of deaths per 18938 populations.COPD is a treatable disease but not a curable one. So ultimately it increases the economic burden of the country by its chronicity, rate of hospital readmission and affects the quality of life Lynn, 2000; Simonds, 2004).The palliative care needs of patients with end-stage respiratory diseases are increasingly being recognized (Curtis, 2008; Lanken et al., 2008) . The COPD patient experience significant impairment of quality of life and physical and psychological needs when compare to individual with lung cancer (Core et al., 2000; Edmonds et al., 2001; Skilbeck et al., 1998; Tranmer et al, 2003). Why family members? When there is progression of diseases it imposes negative impacts on psychological health of Care givers (Daniela Figueiredo, 2014). Careers are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depressive symptoms providing continuous care during the advance stage of the disease and end of life care (Abebaw Mengistus Yohannes 2007). Preparation for death should include a realistic appraisal of the prospects for dying peacefully at home. (Hansen –Flaschen J .2004) Most of the patients are willing to be housebound at the end stage of life so its responsibility of family cares to provide continuous care and support them White P (2011) stated 45% were housebound, 75% had a career in end stage of COPD . despite no studies have been conducted qualitatively on family care givers perception on End of life care on COPD in Asian countries .

The role of Multinational Corporations in Developing Economies Essay

The role of Multinational Corporations in Developing Economies - Essay Example On the other hand, Maheshwari (2006, p.53) generally postulates six characteristics of a multinational corporation: (1) operates and carries direct investment to several nation-states; (2) formulates and maintains an industrial organization; (3) widely functions on the basis of globally owned assets; (4) largely transfers capital, goods, and services from home to host countries; (5) transfers resources but does not trade such resources; and (6) manages not its local subsidiaries but the nationals or people from the host country. Maheshwari (2006, p.52) notably provides several examples of MNCs such as Goodyear, Pepsi, and Nestle Corporations. These multinational corporations function and operate in numerous nation-states -- particularly those so-called Third World nations such as Indonesia -- as their host countries. Many of the MNC’s home countries are highly industrialized nations of which the United States is highly prominent. Multinational corporation fundamentally originates from a humble beginning, so to speak: firms. When firms firmly decide to become multinational corporations, there are necessary factors that they systematically fill-up or comply to. Maheshwari (2006, p.53) strongly argues that the underlying reason why certain firms become multinational corporations is because of their desire for vertical expansion. It implies that these firms wanted to substantially expand their business enterprise from production towards distribution. In setting up subsidiaries in other nation-states, these firms -- which ultimately become multinational corporations -- greatly endeavor either to accumulate raw materials from the resources of their host countries or to acquire global markets for the distribution or sale of their capital, goods, and/or services (Maheshwari, 2006). First, firms pursue an expansion business in order to acquire raw materials from the countries whose natural resources are exceedingly abundant. Normally, these firms are