The Hells Angels †Dynamics of Organized Crime.

The Hells Angels – Dynamics of Organized Crime. Free Online Research Papers The Hells Angels origination stems back from World War II and the B-17 Bomber group that was called Hells Angels. The Bomber Units, such as the 303rd bombardments group (Heavy) 303rd European Theater of Operations (ETO), were known to be one of the toughest squadrons in the military. The name Hells Angels came from the 1927 WWI fictional fighter squadron movie by Howard Hughes. On May 13, 1943 the 303rd’s B-17F â€Å"Hells Angels† became the first 8th Air Force B-17 to complete 25 combat missions and return to the Unites States. This mission was lead by Commander Irl Baldwin, with the B-17 combat serial number 41-24577. (www.Hells Angles.com) Hells Angels were a group of trained paratroopers of the Unites State’s Army’s 11th Airborne Division. The group called themselves â€Å"Hells Angels because they flew on silk wings into hell itself and bought on brutal peace with 20 pounds of TNT strapped to each leg.† The name Hells Angels was worn as a badge of honor because it marked the toughest of the tough. The group stood out because the Hells Angels marked invincibility and not everyone could be an Angel. ( www.HellsAngles.com) The Hells Angels are the oldest and the most original motorcycle club in the world. Currently today there are 29 countries that Hells Angels operate in. The club was founded in San Bernardino, Ca in 1948. From the end of World War II the Hells Angels have made one of the most memorable impacts on society as a motorcycle club. (www.HellsAngles.com) The Hells Angels organizational structure is similar to the one of the Unites States Army, such as the ranks each leader holds qualified by their special skill. The Hells Angels utilize a patch system, similar to the military medal. The meaning of each patch is not publicly known but identifies each member’s specifics actions or beliefs. The official colors of the Hells Angels are red lettering displayed on a white background and are worn on leather or denim jackets and vests. The Hells Angel’s also use a similar structure to the United States presidential structure, where there is a president, vice- president, Secretary, Treasurer, and sergeant at arms. The organization also has its own Motorcycle Club Constitution. The Hells Angels chapters in California also have their own Bylaws. The organization also has a specific formation it follows during a Run. (Abadinsky, 2003) The Hells Angels limit memberships. Each Chapter has prospective members (â€Å"strikers or prospects†) who spend from one month to one year (striking period) on probationary status. Each prospect requires a sponsoring member who is responsible for the probationary member: â€Å"Gang members do extensive background checks on prospective members, often using female associates who have been placed in positions with public utilities, government services, and law enforcement agencies to assist them† (Abadinsky, 2003) Prospects must be nominated by a member and receive a unanimous vote for acceptance into provisional status. They carry out menial jobs at the Clubhouse and for other members. Initiation ceremonies are frequently degrading and may involve felony crimes that enhance solidarity while serving to keep out undercover law enforcement officers. When a man is admitted to membership, he is allowed to wear the club’s colors-the proudest possession of any outlaw club member. All m members must own a Harley-Davidson motorcycle and is required to participate in two major Runs a year; the annual Fourth of July Run and the Labor Day Run. (Abadinsky, 2003) Drug trafficking remains the primary source of illicit income for the Hells Angels, though the group is also involved in a variety of other criminal activities, such as prostitution, fraud and extortion. (CISC, 2005) The Hells Angels are involved in trafficking LSD, PCP, cocaine, marijuana and methamphetamine (Abadinsky, 2003). The Hells Angels have controlled the methamphetamine market in the United States for many years (Abadinsky, 2003). The members of the Hells Angels are known to manufacture methamphetamine as well as transport the methamphetamine to different drug dealers across the country. Methamphetamine, as well as other illegal street drugs, is used by many people in the United States. The Hells Angels knew that they had to take control of the methamphetamine market in order to gain big profits and maintain a strong sense of power. The Hells Angels were able to control the methamphetamine market by manufacturing the drug, and by intimidating rival drug dealers with violenc e. (www.segag.org) Drug trafficking can result in street-level violence from disputes over territory, drug debt collection and related property crimes committed to support illicit drug addictions. These criminal activities can result in increased property crimes and financial losses to victims and businesses. (CISC, 2005) The Hells Angels uses lower level criminal gangs and intermediaries in efforts to conceal its criminal activities from law enforcement. Local law enforcement, as well as state and federal agencies, try using numerous different tactics to break down the Hells Angels gang and work to completely rid their communities of this group. Tactics used include raids on member’s homes and clubhouses or headquarters, harassment to discourage weaker members or â€Å"Hangarounds†, increased police presence at events organized by the Hells Angels and constant presence during the gangs known and famous â€Å"Runs†. In 2003 the Hells Angels were targeted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms; the federal agency responsible for enforcing the nations gun laws (www.cnn.com). The ATF federal agency launched an undercover operation named Operation Black Biscuit. Operation Black Biscuit was known as the most successful undercover operation ever pulled on an outlaw motorcycle club. In July of 2003, three dozen Arizona suspects were charged with gunrunning, murder for hire and narcotics violations. The federal agency conducted raids in Arizona, Nevada, California, Alaska and Washington State. Many of the Hells Angels members were arrested during the raids and were charged with racketeering, conspiracy, murder and drug dealing. (www.azcentral.com) Hells Angels also fight hard to present a much more benign image to the public and organize charity events, such as â€Å"Toys for Tots† and blood drives. They work at using publicity to show they are discriminated against and are harassed by law enforcement for riding motorcycles. The Hells Angels strongly support one another all over the world. When a member is incarcerated, he held up to hero status and seen as a soldier of some sort, fighting the injustice of the world. When a member is charged, tried and acquitted, he is also seen as a hero and celebrated for fighting the system and injustice and scoring a victory for their cause. Investigative reporter and bestselling author Yves Lavigne best summed up this outlaw motorcycle gang like this: â€Å"The Hells Angels are truthful when they say they are not a criminal organization. Rather, they are an organization of criminals. They go out of their way to maintain a barrier between Hells Angels as a club, and the Hells Angels as a business.† Research Papers on The Hells Angels - Dynamics of Organized Crime.The Fifth HorsemanWhere Wild and West MeetThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseQuebec and CanadaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesOpen Architechture a white paper19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Project Managment Office SystemCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite Religion

The Definition of BRIC and BRICS

The Definition of BRIC and BRICS BRIC is an acronym that refers to the economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China, which are seen as major developing economies in the world. According to Forbes, The general consensus is that the term was first prominently used in a Goldman Sachs report from 2003, which speculated that by 2050 these four economies would be wealthier than most of the current major economic powers. In March 2012, South Africa appeared to join BRIC, which thus became BRICS. At that time, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa met in India to discuss the formation of a development bank to pool resources. At that point, the BRIC countries were responsible for about 18% of the worlds Gross Domestic Product and were home to 40% of the earths population. It would appear that Mexico (part of BRIMC) and South Korea (part of BRICK) was not included in the discussion. Pronunciation: Brick Also Known As: BRIMC - Brazil, Russia, India, Mexico, and China. The BRICS countries include more than 40% of the worlds population and occupy over a quarter of the worlds land area. Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa together are a powerful economic force.

History Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

History Questions - Essay Example Cuneiform writing was practiced as an art. Ancient Greece was characterized by islands, Peloponnesus, and mainland. It was surrounded by Mediterranean Sea and had few rivers, rocky soil and a mountainous land with the lack of subsistence farming and no irrigation scheme. My analysis demonstrated that Ancient Greece had no central political system hence lacked unity and was characterized by policies of humanistic and secular. Ancient Greece only took part in art and trade as the primary social activities and this system led to no significant economic achievement characterized by less population and high poverty. The two societies that showed long stability history and imperial dynastic rule are Ancient Egypt and Ancient China. Ancient Egypt had a precious natural resource surrounded with regular controlled flooding surrounded by political borders and a governed centralized system that facilitated political stability and a high population with less foreign interference. Its culture was uniform with a religious perspective and a point of direction in their way of life that unified the whole community. Ancient China was characterized by mountains, deserts, and rivers. The community in Ancient China practiced comprehensive agriculture that led to unification and communal working. The practice of religion adjudicated Unity in Ancient China and emphasize on respect to elders. They also mined bronze and took part in the art as a culture. The axial age is a time between 900-200 BCE when people began laying spiritual foundations that guide the common religions today. Urban civilization under priestly ruling brought communities together and encouraged trade activities. The Urban way of life started to expand leading to social, political and economic conflicts that disrupted order leading to questioning of conventional beliefs. Interaction between different communities exposed individuals to realities like

Manufacturing Technologies - Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Manufacturing Technologies - 1 - Assignment Example 382). In the present technologically changing environment, the manufacturers of goods and services need to improve on their current products to survive. Hence demand forecasting is crucial for the companies to make their product satisfy the needs of the consumer. Hence the concept of Product life cycle is very important. It is a tool through which we can analyse the demand within an industry. Through this PLC, it is possible to identify when a product needs to be replaced to make way for another product so that the manufacturer can make decision of introducing another new product replacing the existing one so that the manufacturer can earn profit (Gillies, 1996, p. 127). According to PLC theory a firm in any industry can predict the shift of product from one stage to another and hence will be able to adopt proper marketing-mix polices like when to replace a product with newer improved version to meet the expectations of the consumers. In 2004, the replacement purchases accounted for 55% of the digital camera sales, 63% of cell phones sales and 82% of computer sales. Product Life Cycle A product life cycle shows the sales pattern a product over a period of time. The time span begins with the period of introduction and ends with replacement of the product. Basic Stages in the Product Life Cycle Figure 1: Product Life Cycle Introduction / Development stage. Growth Stage Maturity Stage Decline Stage Here we will concentrate mainly on the Maturity Stage. It is here where the manufacturer has to get rid of old products and come out with strategies to rebrand the old products or manufacture and altogether new products in their portfolio of products. In the Maturity stage the product faces lot of market competitors and hence the profit declines as percentage of the sales (Grieves, 2006, p. 23). Hence companies when facing this has to come up with strategies to preserve their customer base and achieve profitability. Automobile Industry Figure 2: PLC of Car Industry In a utomobile industry the car manufacturers needs to replace their old cars with new cars to meet the demand and needs of the customers. Automobile industry faces extraordinary level of competition, which make the carmakers produce cars with a higher degree of differentiation (Kumar and Krob, 2006, p. 114). This makes the demand more elastic in nature and hence the carmakers are face with making new cars. In the 1970s most of the western car makers were in the saturation stages. Like in USA and Europe there was a demand of high motorization rate i.e. more car per person and hence the car manufactures had to make new products. The consumer’s decision to purchase a new car is based primarily on the search for a better car with more innovative solutions than ever before (Jones and Mathew, 2008, p. 384). Hence to retain the old customers and get new ones, the carmakers must offer new or better products to the customers at any time the customers decide. Car makers know that any delay in the product – innovation across the product life cycle will result in potential loss of consumer base. Whenever a car manufacturer comes out with newer car model, large manufacturers have economies of scale so that they can easily make the use of their resources and manufacture the new cars at a much reduced cost. Sometimes re launching of new car is not the only option. Car manufacturers sometimes decide to rebrand their

Cheating and Plagiarism: Academic Dishonesty

Cheating and Plagiarism: Academic Dishonesty Cheating and plagiarism have always been a problem in the society. Especially academics dishonestly have risen in favor of fashion. Universities continue develop honor code to stop cheating from happening, also cheaters come up with new technical to cheat. Nowadays, cell phones have supported students to cheat and websites serve unethical solutions to assignments. What is academic integrity? â€Å"Academic integrity means honesty and responsibility in scholarship. Students and faculty alike must obey rules of honest scholarship, which means that all academic work should result from an individuals own efforts. Intellectual contributions from others must be consistently and responsibly acknowledged. Academic work completed in any other way is fraudulent† ( ). Academic dishonesty occurs usually in many forms: cheating, recycling, fabrication, unauthorized collaboration and plagiarism. These may be accomplished by submitting someone’s work acting as own work, or using unauthorized sources that not allow in exams or assignments. It is important that students should become familiar with what is academic dishonesty and how to avoid it. Cheating is one of the high level academic dishonesty forms. These actions are considered cheating: using unauthorized sources on tests, copying from other students’ assignments or allowing your work to be copy, stealing assignments, test, or projects before tests, or using electronic device when taking tests. Fabrication is just making things up. According to Penn university academic integrity, fabrication is manufacturing sources, information, quotes, or anything else has no place in articles or papers based on analysis, reporting, or a research. Submitting own work which has been graded and submitting again for another courses called recycling. But some instructors may allow using as long as students did themselves, students must not assume that it’s acceptable process. If student want to reuse a same assignment discuss with professor. If professor give permission to use it than revise assignment and check sources and citation, or not using it at all. Unauthorized collaboration is working with partner without permission of instructor and submitted for a grade. In computer science class, students are allowed to discuss projects concepts, but code has to be their own. If students work together and submitted same code separately than it will consider as plagiarism. They have to create their own code if a concept is same that’s fine. Example of cheating, Mia was a student at University of Minnesota. In 2013, she moved Twin cities from another county. It is hard for her to fit in Twin cities because of understand the language, and make new friends. Sometimes it is difficult to do assignments and concentrate on all her classes. Fall 2013, she is taking a biology class. She thought it would be doable class but it turn out pretty tough. Mia studied as hard as she could for the class work and testes. In one of the tests, the answers are to be marked in scantram by blacking out lettered circles on a scantram. The test covered the topics that she didn’t study. She tried her best to finish the test and then hands in. she come back to her desk and await the end of class. Other students are still working on the test. Mark was one of them, he seems to have no problem with the test and he is taking his time to do finish the test. Mia is still waiting for the class to end but between than she saw mark scantram and ther e are many answers different than her. So she trust on mark answers and ask professor for her scantram back, saying that she did not correctly put her student ID number. Professor hand it back scantram, she quickly erases and changes some answers that she saw on Mark’s scantram and turn it back in. Sometime later, the instructor informs her that the proctor saw her change her answers beside student ID number. She is going to be given an â€Å"F† for the test and for the course ( ). Mia has trouble with English isn’t excuse for copying answers from another student. If she having difficulty to catch up with class than she should talk with instructor, or approach another students, or get help from Teacher Assistant. This is clear case of cheating because Mia copied answers from Mark. Mia could ask for extra time to study for the test, or asked about what kind of questions were going to be on the test so she could focus on studies. If we looking from Mia point of view than she is from another country that she probably don’t know the rules or help are available for her. Stress is not considered justifying circumstance, but failure might be. Example of plagiarism, John is undergraduate subject coordinator on intro to programming. The projects require students to submit code with design, implement, and test and debug programs using C++ language (programming language). John knows that students can get code from internet, friends or buy from websites rather than create own code. So he creates an assignment to reduce the opportunities to copy from internet and not doing their work. It is important to that projects will help to build the basic knowledge of programming. Amy was one of John’s colleagues; she asks if she can test her shared code on john’s student assignments john agrees. John thinks his students did their assignments their own, but Amy’s program find 15% of the students copied code from classmates. Sometime, programming assignments have certain common ways to solve the problem. So that didn’t mean that they copied from each other or get from internet because at the beginning level class they don’t have enough knowledge about the ways that they can approach the same solution. But it didn’t mean that students didn’t copied form internet or other students. It’s all depend how accurate Amy program is, if program just looking same character that found in the students assignment than their might chance that students copied, but if programming testing on the algorithms than it’s all depend on the requirements of the assignment. Because if professor assign that student have to includes technique than sure it will be large number will display. There are some situation it’s hard to decide that students done Academic Integrity violations. For example, Kali and Lucy are international students form Narnia and in the same science class. Lucy understands English better than Kali. Lucy works hard to improve Kali’s English vocabulary. Kali tries her best to improve her English, but she is having a hard time accommodating the information because she isn’t sleeping well or eating. During exam, Kali is having trouble understanding what questions are asking for therefore she doesn’t know what to write for the answer. She scared that she’ll fail the class. Kali starts asking Lucy what to do. The TA notices that Kali and Lucy are talking in Narnian and he asks them what they are talking about. So Lucy explain than Kali doesn’t understands what question asking for so she just translating the questions for Kali. The TA asks them not to talk and if Kali has question then she should bring it to him. Kali want to him and TA explain to her but she still didn’t understand what the questions asking for. So she went back to her seat and starts to panic. Few minutes later, they both start talking in Narnian. TA tells them to stop talking, but TA knows Lucy is a smart student but thinks that Lucy might just translate the question but he isn’t sure. So he decides to report to the professor. Lucy risked her grade by not doing as the TA said. Both could get failing grades on the exam. It would have been better if Lucy had talked to the professor about Kali’s problems about understanding English. The professor might suggest to take ESL classes to improve Kali’s English and make new friends or might able to accommodate Kali’s needs better if he had know there was a problem. The professor might give one change to both to re-take exam, if possible with a Narnian translator for Kali to test her knowledge. Because it is a very tough situation that there is change that Lucy might just translate questions to Kali and not gave any answers. So that would be unfair for her to define as academic dishonesty. References http://www.library.illinois.edu/learn/research/academicintegrity.html cheating example http://tutorials.istudy.psu.edu/academicintegrity/academicintegrity_print.html

Culture in Kuwait Essay

The State of Kuwait is a sovereign of the United Arab Emirates and considered as one of the Gulf countries. The name ‘Kuwait’ came from the Arabic â€Å"akwat†, the plural of â€Å"kout†, which denotes ‘fortress built near water’. The emirate has the population of 3. 4 million situated in its 20,000 square kilometers geographical area. During the 19th century, Kuwait came under the power of the Ottoman Empire and after the World War I, it became known as an autonomous sheikhdom under the defense of the British Empire. It was in the late 1930s that Kuwait’s large oil fields were discovered. Kuwait has a parliamentary system of government, under a constitutional monarchy with Kuwait City as the center of all political and economic activities. The country is the world’s fifth producer oil reserves and petroleum and petroleum products which account for its almost 95% export revenues, and 80% of government income. Based in per capita Kuwait is the eleventh richest country in the world. In addition, it has the highest human development index (HDI) in the Arab world. World Bank classified Kuwait as a high income economy. It is also designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States, because of its close recent political and financial ties and affinities with the latter. Majority of the Kuwait’s population are Muslim and practices Islam as their religion, though it has a huge community of Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Sikhs. Islam means peace, love, and complete submission and obedience to God. Being a Muslin means accepting Islam and living a life in accordance to its teachings as well as setting as an example to other Muslims. Instead of the common greetings of â€Å"good morning† or â€Å"hello†, Muslims greet each other by saying â€Å"Assalamo Alaikum†, which stands for â€Å"May peace be upon you and may God blessings be with you†. It is the mission of every Muslim uttering these words to multiply love and peace anywhere one goes. Muslims pray five (5) times a day and normally clean their bodies before praying. In the analysis using Hofstede’s five model dimensions, religion plays a significant role the lives of its people. High power distance and uncertainty avoidance are evident attributes in this nation just like any other Arab countries. Leaders do not mix themselves into the group and usually issue detailed and particular orders. It follows a caste system and does not allow major upward mobility of its people. In order to reduce the amount of ambiguity, detailed rules, laws, regulations and controls are implemented. Discrimination in terms of influence and affluence has been consented to flourish within the society and is acknowledged by the population as their cultural legacy. Therefore, leaders can easily enforce their leadership and control which usually resorts to uprising to attain democratic change. Masculinity is on the average, evidenced by limited rights of women in Kuwait society, which again could be credited to the Muslim religion rather than its cultural pattern. Individualism is low, which translates into collectivist culture as noticeable in a close-commitment to the member ‘group’ like the family, extended family, or extended relationships. Loyalty is vital in a collectivist society which overrides all other rules. In Kuwait, visitors are expected to be reserved, though does not pertain to clothing especially for foreigners. Regardless of the climate, most of the body must stay covered. For men, it is a requirement to wear a jacket and tie during business conferences. They should also be dressed in long pants and a shirt favorably long-sleeved and fastened up top the collar. There must be noticeable jewels specifically around the neck. Women must also be conservative especially in public. The necklines must be high, at least to the elbows, while hemlines must be ankle-low or below the knee. Pants are not advisable and scarf must be handy especially when going inside a Mosque. Too much appreciation of an item must be avoided, because the host might become compelled to grant said item. Rejection to accept the gift is impolite and rude. Receiving gifts must be done in public. Gifts such as alcohol, perfumes containing alcohol, pork, pigskin products, personal items such as underwear, knives, toy dogs or pictures of dog and image of nude or partially nude women should no be given to anyone in Kuwait. When going inside buildings it is proper to remove ones shoes. Muslims do not eat pork and drink alcohol. Grasping each other’s right hand putting the left on the other’s right shoulder and exchanging kisses on each cheek is the traditional greetings between men. Men may shake hands with women, but the latter must wait for the first to offer his hand. The left hand is regarded as dirty and must be set aside for personal hygiene.

Effects Of Advertisements On Children s Advertising

Pollay (1986) had suggested that advertisements are very persuasive and use stereotypical portrayals when using sexual content and therefore, those adverts have a way of manipulating the consumer by using sex appeals. Those advertisements use fantasies and illusions to draw the buyer in rather than the reality to manipulate the buyer into wanting things that they in reality may not need in the first place. (Klempner, 2004, Zailckas, 2006). Younger people are harder to connect with so adverts need such content to draw the younger viewers in (Strasburge and Donnerstein, 1999). McInnis et al (1991) stated that the adverts must draw attention of the consumer so the advertisers use cues that the consumer will be sensitive; as a result, this†¦show more content†¦Alexander and Judd, (1979) found that nudity does gather more attention of the consumer, yet it does not make individuals remember the advertisement better than any other advertisement type, nor do they recall any positive or negative feelings toward the product. However, the advertisers must know who their target audience is to make sure that the appeal is there and not to arouse any negative feeling toward the product (Alexnder and Jude, 1986). Patterson and Kerin, (1977), found that advertisements which contain nudity had been perceived in a less favourable light and to be more offensive. What need to be taken into consideration with this research is that it is very outdated. That might have been the case during the 70’s when nudity did not play such a big role in the society. More current research states that when companies use nudity in their adverts, it will improve the recognition of the product (Jones, Stanaland and Gelb, 1998). LaTour (1986) stated that as levels of nudity in the adverts increase, the appeal is weakened greatly or looked upon negatively. Steadman (1969) had found that when brands recall what was concerned, it was better when there was no nudity as opposed to when nudity was used. Alexander and Judd (1978) found when males were about to recall what they have seen on an advert, they recalled more on an advert where no nudity was involved. Peterson and Kerin (1977) had conducted an experiment when